First Aid: Adult CPR/AED Training

Introduction

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening emergency that can strike anyone, anywhere, at any time. Immediate action is critical—every minute without intervention decreases the chance of survival by about 10%. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and Automated External Defibrillator (AED) use are essential lifesaving skills that everyone can learn. This course provides a thorough understanding of CPR and AED use for adults, children, and infants, equipping participants to respond confidently and effectively in emergencies.

What is CPR?

CPR stands for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. It is a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths designed to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation in a person whose heart has stopped beating or who is not breathing normally. The main goals of CPR are to keep oxygen-rich blood flowing to vital organs, especially the brain and heart, until advanced medical help arrives or the person recovers spontaneous circulation.

What is an AED?

An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable, user-friendly device that analyzes the heart’s rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electric shock to help restore a normal heartbeat. AEDs are designed to be used by lay rescuers and professionals alike, with clear voice prompts and visual instructions.

Recognizing Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood. Signs include:

• Sudden collapse or unresponsiveness
• No normal breathing (or only gasping)
• No pulse (for trained rescuers)

Immediate recognition and action are crucial. Call for emergency help, start CPR, and use an AED as soon as possible.

Steps of CPR

1. Ensure Scene Safety:
   Make sure the environment is safe for you and the victim.
2. Check Responsiveness:
   Tap the person and shout. If there is no response, call for help.
3. Call for Emergency Services:
   If alone, call emergency services (or ask someone else) and get an AED if available.
4. Check Breathing:
   Look for normal breathing. If absent or abnormal, begin CPR.
5. Chest Compressions:
   • Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest, other hand on top.
   • Push hard and fast, at least 2 inches deep for adults, at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute.
   • Allow full recoil of the chest after each compression.
6. Rescue Breaths:
   • After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths.
   • Tilt the head back, lift the chin, pinch the nose, and give a breath lasting about 1 second, watching for chest rise.
7. Continue Cycles:
   • Alternate 30 compressions and 2 breaths until help arrives, an AED is ready, or the person shows signs of recovery.

Using an AED

1. Turn on the AED:
   Follow the device’s voice prompts.
2. Attach Pads:
   Place one pad on the upper right chest, the other on the lower left side.
3. Analyze Rhythm:
   Ensure no one is touching the person while the AED analyzes.
4. Deliver Shock if Advised:
   Make sure everyone is clear, then press the shock button as instructed.
5. Resume CPR:
   Immediately continue CPR after the shock, or if no shock is advised, until emergency services arrive or the person recovers.

Special Considerations

• Children and Infants:
  Use child pads and settings if available. Compression depth is about 1/3 the chest depth (about 2 inches for children, 1.5 inches for infants). If alone with a child, perform 2 minutes of CPR before calling for help.
• Drowning or Asphyxia:
  Give 2 rescue breaths before starting compressions.
• AED Use in Special Situations:
  • Remove any medication patches before applying pads.
  • Dry the chest if wet.
  • Do not place pads over implanted devices.

Importance of High-Quality CPR

High-quality CPR is vital for survival. This means:

• Compressing the chest at the correct depth and rate
• Allowing full chest recoil
• Minimizing interruptions in compressions
• Avoiding excessive ventilation

Teamwork and Communication

If multiple rescuers are present, switch roles every 2 minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective compressions. Clear communication ensures coordinated and efficient care.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Most countries have Good Samaritan laws that protect rescuers acting in good faith. Always seek consent if the person is responsive. If unresponsive, consent is implied.

Training and Practice

Regular training and practice are essential to maintain skills and confidence. This course includes hands-on practice, scenario-based learning, and assessment to ensure participants are ready to act in real emergencies.

Conclusion

CPR and AED skills save lives. By understanding the steps, practicing regularly, and staying calm under pressure, you can make the difference between life and death. This course empowers you with the knowledge and confidence to respond effectively to cardiac emergencies at work, at home, or in the community.

Remember:

• Check responsiveness and breathing
• Call for help and get an AED
• Start high-quality CPR
• Use the AED as soon as it arrives
• Continue care until help arrives or the person recovers

Your action matters. Be prepared to save a life.